Journal: bioRxiv
Article Title: Itaconate is metabolized to 2-hydroxymethylsuccinate through a CoA-independent degradation pathway in mitochondria
doi: 10.1101/2025.09.29.679238
Figure Lengend Snippet: a, Schematic depicting experimental setup for CpG ODN1826-induced inflammation. b, Itaconate, mesaconate, and 2HMS abundances in plasma. c, Itaconate abundance in tissues d, Mesaconate abundance in tissues. e , 2HMS abundance in tissues. f , 2HMS relative to mesaconate levels in CpG-treated liver and BAT tissues g, Irg1 expression level in liver and BAT tissue. h , Auh and Slc13a3 expression level in liver and BAT tissue. i , Auh expression in various tissues (Schaum et al., Nature, 2020). j , Schematic depicting itaconate degradation pathways in liver and adipose tissue with distinct pathways for mesaconate and 2HMS synthesis. Data are presented as box (25 th to 75 th percentile with median line) and whiskers (min. to max. values). Animals were injected with 200 µg CpG oligonucleotide every second day for a total of 5 injections (ODN, n = 5) and compared to control conditions (Ctr, n = 5). Schematics in and were prepared with Biorender. BAT, brown adipose tissue; scWAT, subcutaneous white adipose tissue; gWAT, gonadal white adipose tissue. P values were calculated by multiple unpaired t -test (b-e), unpaired t -test (f), one-way ANOVA (g), or two-way ANOVA compared to Ctr (h) with * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, # p < 0.0001.
Article Snippet: The CpG oligonucleotide (ODN1826 sodium salt, MCE, Cat.# HY-1416245C) was dissolved in dPBS to a concentration of 1 mg/ml and filtered using a 0.2 μm PTFE syringe filter (Fisher Scientific, Cat.# 15342378).
Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Expressing, Injection, Control